Interventions and Technology
Evidence-Based Interventions
Preventive Cognitive Therapy (PCT)
Developed by Claudi Bockting, Preventive Cognitive Therapy is an extensively researched method for relapse prevention in depression. Throughout 8 sessions, clients and therapist develop a tailor-made plan to overcome depression relapse. PCT is cost effective, can be used alongside or as an alternative to anti-depressants and has been shown to provide significant protection against relapse over a period of 2 to 20 years. PCT is selected for dissemination via the Ministry of Health and MIND.
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Books for Clinicians:
Preventive Cognitive Therapy for Depression: An evidence based approach to reduce relapse risk.
Author: Claudi LH Bockting
2025 | ISBN 9781462558445|
Guilford Press €40,00 - Order 15% offPreventieve cognitieve training bij terugkerende depressie.
Auteur: Claudi L. H. Bockting
2009 | ISBN 9789031353071 | 1e druk
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum € 47,95Terapia cognitiva preventiva para la depresión recurrente.
Auteur: Claudi L. H. Bockting (adaptado y traducido por Cristian J. Garay & Cristina Tenreyro)
2020 | ISBN 978-98-9875704350 | 1e druk
Liberia Akadia Editorial, € 17,99Books for Clients:
Between dip and dream: Break your patterns, dare to feel.
Authors: Claudi LH Bockting & Evelien van Valen
2013 | ISBN 9789000328857 | 1st edition
Spectrum € 10.00No more depressed.
Author: Claudi LH Bockting
2009 | ISBN 9789031374274 | 1st edition
Bohn Stafleu van Loghum € 23.95 -
van Tol, M.-J., van Kleef, R., Eike, R., van Valen, E., Marsman, J.-B., Renken, R., Aleman, A., & Bockting, C. L. (in press). Neurocognitive mechanisms of Preventive Cognitive Therapy as relapse prevention in remitted major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Biological Psychiatry: Global Open Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsgos.2026.100781
Angeles-Valdez, D., van Kleef, R., van Valen, E., Garza-Villarreal, E. A., Bockting, C. L., & van Tol, M. J. (2026). The role of cognitive and affective changes in preventing depressive relapse: A network analysis approach to understanding the mechanisms of preventive cognitive therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 406, 121705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2026.121705
Gülpen, J., Breedvelt, J. J.F., van Dis, E. A.M., Geurtsen, G. J., Warren, F. C., van Heeringen, C., Hitchcock, C., Holländare, F., Huijbers, M. J., Jarrett, R. B., Jermann, F., de Jonge, M., Klein, D. N., Klein, N. S., Ma, S.H., Moore, M. T., Denys, D. A.J.P., Williams, J.M. G., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2025). Psychological interventions for preventing relapse in individuals with partial remission of depression: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 55, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291725000157
Breedvelt, J. J. F., Karyotaki, E., Warren, F. C., Brouwer, M. E., Jermann, F., Hollandare, F., Klein, N., de Jonge, M., Klein, D. N., Farb, N., Segal, Z., Biesheuvel Leliefeld, K. E. M., Jarrett, R., Vittengl, J., Thase, M., Ma, H., Kuyken, W., Shallcross, A. J., van Heeringen, C., … Bockting, C. L. (2024). An individual participant data meta-analysis of psychological interventions for preventing depression relapse. Nature Mental Health, 2(2), 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44220-023-00178-x
Bockting, C. L., Legemaat, A. M., van der Stappen, J., Geurtsen, G. J., Semkovska, M., Burger, H., Bergfeld, I. O., Lous, N., Denys, D., & Brouwer, M. (2022). Augmenting neurocognitive remediation therapy to Preventive Cognitive Therapy for partially remitted depressed patients: Protocol of a pragmatic multicentre randomized controlled trial. BMJ open, 12(6), e063407. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063407
Van Tol, M.-J., Kleef, R. S. van, Eike, R., Valen, E. van, Marsman, J.-B., Renken, R., Aleman, A., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Neurocognitive mechanisms of change following Preventive Cognitive Therapy for preventing relapse in depression: A randomized controlled trial. PsyArXiv.https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/n8tvx
Breedvelt, J., Brouwer, M. E., Harrer, M., Semkovska, M., Ebert, D. D., Cuijpers, P., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Psychological interventions as an alternative and add-on to antidepressant medication to prevent depressive relapse: Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 219(4), 538–545. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.198
Breedvelt, J., Warren, F. C., Segal, Z., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2021). Continuation of antidepressants vs sequential psychological interventions to prevent relapse in depression: An individual participant data meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry, 78(8), 868–875. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.0823
Breedvelt, J. J. F., Warren, F. C., Brouwer, M. E., Karyotaki, E., Kuyken, W., Cuijpers, P., van Oppen, P., Gilbody., S. & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of psychological relapse prevention interventions versus control for patients in remission from depression: A protocol. BMJ Open, 10(2), e034158. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034158
Brouwer, M. E., Molenaar, N. M., Burger, H., Williams, A. D., Albers, C., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Tapering antidepressants while receiving digital Preventive Cognitive Therapy during pregnancy: An experience sampling methodology trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 574357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574357
Kamperman, A. M., Bergink, V., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Williams, A., Bockting, C. L., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2020). Preventive cognitive therapy with antidepressant discontinuation during pregnancy: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 81(4). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19l13099
Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Burger, H., Kamperman, A. M., Bergink, V., Hoogendijk, W., Williams, A. D., Bockting, C. L., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2020). Preventive Cognitive Therapy with antidepressant discontinuation during pregnancy: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(4), 19l13099. http://doi.org/doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19l13099
de Jonge, M., Bockting, C. L., Kikkert, M. J., van Dijk, M. K., van Schaik, D. J. F., Peen, J., Hollon, S., & Dekker, J. J. M. (2019). Preventive cognitive therapy versus care as usual in cognitive behavioral therapy responders: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 87(6), 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000395
Klein, N. S., Wijnen, B. F. M., Lokkerbol, J., Buskens, E., Elgersma, H. J., van Rijsbergen, G. D., Slofstra, C., Ormel, J., Dekker, J., de Jong, P., & Bockting, C. L. (2019). Cost-effectiveness, cost-utility and the budget impact of antidepressants versus Preventive Cognitive Therapy with or without tapering of antidepressants. BJPsych Open, 5(1), e12. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2018.81
Bockting, C. L., Klein, N. S., Elgersma, H. J., van Rijsbergen, G. D., Slofstra, C., Ormel, J., Buskens, E., Dekker, J., de Jong, P. J., Nolen, W. A., Schene, A. H., Hollon, S. D., Burger, H. (2018). The effectiveness of Preventive Cognitive Therapy while tapering antidepressants compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment and their combination in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (DRD study): A three-arm randomised controlled trial. Lancet Psychiatry, 5(5), 401-410. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30100-7
Klein, N. S., Kok, G. D., Burger, H., van Valen, E., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Dekker, J., Smit, F., van der Heiden, C., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). No sustainable effects of an internet-based relapse prevention program over 24 months in recurrent depression: Primary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 87(1), 55-57. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485039
Biesheuvel-Leliefeld, K. E. M., Dijkstra-Kersten, S.M.A. , van Schaik, D.J.F., van Marwijk, H. W. J., Smit, F., van der Horst, H.E., Bockting, C. L. (2017). Effectiveness of supported self-help in recurrent depression: A randomised controlled trial in primary care. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 86(4), 220-230, https://doi.org/10.1159/000472260
Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Bockting, C. L., Bonsel, G. J., van der Veere, C. N., Torij, H. W., Hoogendijk, W. J., Duvekot, J. J., Burger, H. & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2016). Stop or go? Preventive Cognitive Therapy with guided tapering of antidepressants during pregnancy: Study protocol of a pragmatic multicentre noninferiority randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 16(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888016-0752-6
Bockting, C. L., Smid, N. H., Koeter, M. W., Spinhoven, P., Beck, A. T., & Schene, A. H. (2015). Enduring effects of Preventive Cognitive Therapy in adults remitted from recurrent depression: A 10 year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 185, 188–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.048
De Jonge, M., Bockting, C. L., Kikkert, M. J., Bosmans, J. E., & Dekker, J. J. (2015). Preventive Cognitive Therapy versus Treatment as Usual in preventing recurrence of depression: Protocol of a multi-centered randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 139. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0508-8
Bockting, C. L., Spinhoven, P., Wouters, L. F., Koeter, M. W. J, Schene, A. H., & the DELTA study group (2009). Long term effects of Preventive Cognitive Therapy in recurrent depression: A 5.5 years follow-up. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70, 1621-1628. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04784
Bockting, C. L., Spinhoven, P., Wouters, L. F., Koeter, M. W. J, Schene, A. H., & the DELTA study group (2009). Long term effects of Preventive Cognitive Therapy in recurrent depression: A 5.5 years follow-up. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 70, 1621-1628. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.08m04784
Bockting, C. L., ten Doesschate, M. C., Spijker, J., Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W. J., Schene, A. H. & the DELTA study group (2008). Continuation and maintenance use of antidepressants in recurrent depression. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 77, 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1159/000110056
Bockting, C. L., Spinhoven, Ph., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Schene, A. H., & the DELTA study group. (2006). Prediction of recurrence in recurrent depression and the influence of consecutive episodes on vulnerability: A 2-year prospective study. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67, 747-755. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v67n0508
Bockting, C. L., Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Visser, I., Schene, A. H., & the DELTA study group. (2006). Differential predictors of response to Preventive Cognitive Therapy in recurrent depression: A 2-year prospective study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75, 229-236. https://doi.org/10.1159/000092893
Bockting, C. L., Schene, A. H., Spinhoven, P., Koeter, M. W. J., Wouters, L. F., Huyser, J., & Kamphuis, J. H. (2005). Preventing relapse/recurrence in recurrent depression using Cognitive Therapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73, 647-657. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.4.647
Blended: E-health for general practitioners
The use of anti-depressant medication is common among general practitioners (GP), despite patient’s preference for therapeutic psychological treatment. However treatment is not always an option due to time constraints and lack of accessibility. A solution to these issues is Blended, an innovative approach that combines guided online treatment with face-to-face GP support. This project was conducted with funding from ZonMw.
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Massoudi, B., Blanker, M.H., Van Valen, E., Wouters, H., Bockting, C. L., Burger, H. (2017). Blended care vs. usual care in the treatment of Depressive symptoms and disorders IN General practice [BLENDING]: study protocol of a non-inferiority randomized trial. BMC Psychiatry, 17, 218. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-017-1376-1
Guided Act & Feel
Guided Act & Feel is a behavioral-activation intervention delivered via an attractive website that provides those struggling with their mental health with step-by-step instructions and structured weekly assignment to combat depression. This method can be performed by lay counselors that have been trained to deliver the intervention. The aim of Act & Feel is to bring psychological help to places where access is limited due to a low number of mental health care professionals available.
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Arjadi, R., Nauta, M. H., Suryani, A. O., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). Guided act and feel Indonesia – Internet-based behavioral activation intervention for depression in Indonesia: A systematic cultural adaptation. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 22(1), 3-11. https://doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.2050418
Arjadi, R., Arjadi, R., Nauta, M.H., Scholte, W.F., Hollon, S.D., Chowdhary, N., Suryani, A.O., Bockting, C. L. (2016). Guided Act and Feel Indonesia (GAF-ID) - Internet-based behavioral activation intervention for depression in Indonesia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 17(1), 455. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-016-1577-9
Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Randomized controlled trial investigated how does (brief) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (bCBT) compares to care as usual by general practitioners (GP) in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). bCBT consists of 8 short session administered by a psychologist within a 12 month period. Sessions involved behavioral activation and cognitive interventions such as identification and challenging of negative thoughts and behind attitudes and schemas. Results showed bCBT to be more effective than GP’s care as usual, suggesting it could be a first choice of treatment for MDD in primary care.
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Schene, A. H., Baas, K. D., Koeter, M. W. J., Lucassen, P., Bockting, C. L., Wittkampf, K. A., Huyser, J., & van Weert, H. C. (2014). Brief Cognitive Behavioural Therapy compared to optimised general practitioners’ care for depression: A randomised trial. Journal of Depression and Anxiety, 2, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-1044.S2-001
Baas, K. D., Koeter, M. W. J., van Weert, H. C., Lucassen, P., Bockting, C. L.,Wittkampf, K. A., & Schene, A. H. (2010). Brief cognitive behavioral therapy compared to general practitioners care for depression in primary care: A randomized trial. Trials, 11, 1.https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-11-96
World Health Organization (WHO) Interventions
Interventions co-developed in collaboration with the WHO. Such interventions focus on increasing accessibility to evidence-based transdiagnostic interventions for common mental health conditions to areas and populations where access is limited.
STARS Chatbot
Digital intervention aimed at helping adolescents experiencing high-levels of stress.
Problem Management +
Individual psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity.
Ongoing Studies
REPAIR Study
Rebuilding Parent young Adult Interpersonal Relationships (REPAIR) is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the cost-effectiveness of family therapy (attachment based family therapy) to target in adolescents and young adults in Belgium and The Netherlands. This project is conducted with funding from Benefit (ZonMw and KCE).
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Bockting, C. L., Bosmans, G., Bergers, N., Gavan, L., Hiligsmann, M., de Beurs, D., Molenberghs, G., Wijnen, B., Lokkerbol, J., & van der Spek, N. (2024) The effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of attachment-based family therapy for young adults with high suicidal ideation: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials 25, 686. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-024-08499-7
The SELFIE Intervention
Blended ecological momentary intervention aimed at improving the self-esteem of children and adolescents with low self-esteem and previous exposure to childhood adversity. Randomized controlled trial showed the intervention to be effective at improving participant’s self-esteem at post-intervention and 6-month follow-up.
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Reininghaus, U., Daemen, M., Postma, M.R., Schick, A., … Bockting, C. L., van Amelsvoort, T. (2023). Transdiagnostic ecological momentary intervention for improving self-esteem in youth exposed to childhood adversity: The SELFIE randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 81(3), 227-239.https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.4590
Daemen, M., Postma, M. R., Lindauer, R., Hoes, I., Nieman, D., Breedvelt, J., van der Gaag, M., Viechtbauer, W., Schruers, K., van den Berg, D., Bockting, C. L., van Amelsvoort, T., & Reininghaus, U. (2021). Efficacy of a transdiagnostic ecological momentary intervention for improving self-esteem (SELFIE) in youth exposed to childhood adversity: Study protocol for a multi-centre randomized controlled trial. Trials 22, 641 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05585-y
STAYFINE-App
More than one in five adolescents has to deal with anxiety or a depressive disorder before the age of 21. Even after recovery, the prevalence of relapse is especially high in this age group. To investigate whether it is possible to prevent relapse through ongoing monitoring and momentary app-based interventions, we are conducting a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of personalized combination of app-based interventions with guidance of loved experience experts. This project is conducted with funding from ZonMw.
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Robberegt, S. J., Albers, C. J., Kooiman, B. E. A. M., Vuuregge, A. H., Mul, J. D., Wilts, N., Nauta, M. H., Stikkelbroek, Y. A. J., & Bockting, C. L. (In press). Examining varying number of intervention-modules and change in individual networks in young people remitted from depression or anxiety: Exploratory outcomes of the StayFine randomized clinical trial. Neuroscience Applied, 107007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nsa.2026.107007
Verstegen, N. A., Kooiman, B., Robberegt, S. J., Vuuregge, A. H., Bockting, C. L., Nauta, M. H., & Stikkelbroek, Y. A. J. (2026). Current well-being in youth remitted from depression and anxiety: Associations with prior suicidality and current behavioral activity. Journal of Affective Disorders, 406, 121706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2026.121706
Kooiman, B. E., Robberegt, S. J., Albers, C. J., Bockting, C. L., Stikkelbroek, Y. A., & Nauta, M. H. (2023). Congruency of multimodal data-driven personalization with shared decision-making for StayFine: individualized app-based relapse prevention for anxiety and depression in young people. Frontiers in psychiatry, 14, 1229713. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1229713
Robberegt, S. J., Kooiman, B. E. A. M., Albers, C. J., Nauta, M. H., Bockting, C. L., & Stikkelbroek, Y. (2023). Personalised app-based relapse prevention of depressive and anxiety disorders in remitted adolescents and young adults: a protocol of the StayFine RCT. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058560. https://doi.org10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058560
MINDCOG
MINDCOG is a randomized cross-over trial to investigate mechanisms of mindfulness and positive fantasizing (ingredient of PCT) as intervention techniques for reducing perseverative cognition (PC) in remitted depressed individuals. The current study aims to 1) test whether momentary psychological and psychophysiological indices of PC are differentially affected by positive fantasizing versus mindfulness-based interventions, 2) test whether the mechanisms of change by which fantasizing and mindfulness affect PC differ between remitted Major Depressive Disorder versus never-depressed individuals, and 3) explore potential moderators of the main effects of the two interventions (i.e., what works for whom).
HERSTEL
Patients partially remitted from depression are at increased risk of relapse. In the HERSTEL-study (eng. RECOVERY), we aim to further reduce depressive symptoms and the risk of relapse using multilevel interventions. To attain this goal, we compare the efficacy of Preventive Cognitive Therapy combined with a serious computer game intervention that targets cognitive functioning to Preventive Cognitive Therapy alone. This project is conducted with funding from the Hersenstichting.
PROFIT
This study investigates imagery-rescripting techniques for the treatment of adults with depression in which symptoms are exacerbated by future-oriented negative images. This study is being carried out with the help of ZonMw, the Depression Association, MIND and a number of mental health institutions.
VR MoodBoost
A new treatment has been developed for depression using Virtual Reality interventions to target anhedonia and behavioral activation in depression together with dr. Martine van Bennekom (GGZ Delfland). A proof of concept study is ongoing, with a randomized momentary assessment design.
Another related study concerns a micro momentary assessment randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of Virtual Reality for psycho-education on self-stigma in depression (with GGZ Delfland).
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Kramer Freher, N., van Bennekom, Bexkens, A., Veling, W., & Bockting, C. L. (2025). Virtual Reality in the treatment of depression; what therapeutic strategies does VR target? Journal of Affective Disorders Reports, 20, 100912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2025.100912
Social Connection
We will collect empirical data on social connection in participants from ongoing group interventions at Arkin, and use computational analysis to identify and predict quality social connections and decreases in loneliness among patients with depressive symptoms to design a social connection intervention where we match people on a personal level, based on the computational analysis.
This project started is funded by the Urban Mental Health Centre. Collaborators are FNWI faculty of the UvA and Arkin Voordeur (SHIFT LEFT Innovation Lab Mental Health)
Suicide Prevention
In this project we conduct a randomized controlled trial comparing online CBT to online psycho-education that targets suicidality for individuals that seek help at 113.nl Zelfmoordpreventie.
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Gavan, L., van der Spek, N., Bergers, N., Breedvelt, J. J. F., Hellegers, F., Bosmans, G., & Bockting, C. L.H. (2026). Is suicidality contagious? The social transmission of suicidal thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Comprehensive Psychology, 147, 15269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2026.152691
Janssen, W., Mérelle, S., Gilissen, R., & Bockting, C. L. (2026). Treating suicidality remotely (TREASURE): Study protocol for a remote randomized controlled trial comparing personalized cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention with a guided self-help course in adolescents and adults. Trials. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-026-09725-0
Janssen, W. C., Mérelle, S. Y. M., van Ballegooijen, W., Gilissen, R., & Bockting, C. L. (2025). Cognitive behavior therapy with and without narrative assessment and suicide attempts: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Network Open, 8(11), e2544632. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.44632
Transgenerational transmission of mental health conditions
Our lab leads several projects focused on women's mental health science and preventing the transgenerational transmission of mental health conditions from parents to offspring. Large-scale national trials including PROMISES (Pregnancy Outcomes after a Maternity Intervention for Stressful Emotions) and Stop or Go? (tapering antidepressants during pregnancy).
Our research spans over two decades, combining clinical psychology, psychiatry, epidemiology, gynecology and midwifery, and primary care to identify and interrupt the pathways by which parental depression and anxiety are passed on to the next generation. Our leading position in this field rests on this sustained, continuously funded (ZonMW/NWO) programme of work and the international cohort of PhD researchers it has trained, now extending this research line to low-and-middle-income countries (Rwanda and Indonesia).
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Uwizeyimana, T., Brouwer, M., van der Spek, N., Ayuningtias, A.U.H., van Dis, E.A.M., Tiemeier, H., Bockting, C.L. Effect of mental health interventions during pregnancy on offspring outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Under review.
Dall’Aglio, L., Gunter-Rahman, Bockting, C. L., Tiemeier, H. Towards Improved Treatment of Depression During Pregnancy, under review.
Schulte-Frankenfeld, P. M., van Dis, E.A.M., Brouwer, M. E., Bockting. C. L. Effectiveness of tapering antidepressant with Preventive Cognitive Therapy during pregnancy; effect on 5 years-old.
Bockting, C.L., Scheffer, C., Verbeek, T., Burger, H., Transgenerational effects of antenatal psychotherapy on 15-years old offspring: a randomised controlled trial. In preparation.
Broeks, C. W., Molenaar, N., Brouwer, M., van den Akker, E. L. T., van Rossum, E. F. C., Van, R., van den Berg, S. A. A., Hillegers, M., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Burger, H., Bockting, C. L., Kamperman, A. M., & Lambregtse-Van den Berg, M. P. (2023). Intergenerational impact of childhood trauma on hair cortisol concentrations in mothers and their young infants. Comprehensive Psychonuroendocrinology, 14, 100167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpnec.2023.100167
Brouwer, M. E., Molenaar, N. M., Burger, H., Williams, A. D., Albers, C., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Tapering antidepressants while receiving digital Preventive Cognitive Therapy during pregnancy: An experience sampling methodology trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 574357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.574357
Burger, H., Verbeek, T., Aris-Meijer, J. L., Beijers, C., Mol, B. W., Hollon, S. D., OrmeL, J., van Pampus, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Effects of psychological treatment of mental health problems in pregnant women to protect their offspring: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 216(4), 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.260
Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Burger, H., Kamperman, A. M., Bergink, V., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Williams, A., Bockting, C. L., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2020). Preventive cognitive therapy with antidepressant discontinuation during pregnancy: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 81(4). https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.19l13099
Molenaar, N. M., Houtman, D., Bijma, H. H., Brouwer, M. E., Burger, H., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Bockting, C. L., Kampermen, A., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2020). Dose-effect of maternal serotonin reuptake inhibitor use during pregnancy on birth outcomes: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 267, 57-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.02.003
Nieman, D. H., Chavez-Baldini, U., Vulink, N. C., Smit, D. J. A., van Wingen, G., de Koning, P., Sutterland, A., Mocking, R., Bockting, C. L., Verweij, K., Lok, A., & Denys, D. (2020). Protocol Across study: Longitudinal transdiagnostic cognitive functioning, psychiatric symptoms, and biological parameters in patients with a psychiatric disorder. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 212. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-020-02624-x
Aris-Meijer, J., Bockting, C. L., Stolk, R., Verbeek, T., Beijers, C., van Pampus, M., & Burger, H. (2019). What if pregnancy is not seventh heaven? The influence of specific life events during pregnancy and delivery on the transition of antenatal into postpartum anxiety and depression. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16(16), 2851. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162851
Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Kamperman, A. M., Burger, H., Williams, A. D., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Bockting, C. L., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2019). Recurrence of depression in the perinatal period: Clinical features and associated vulnerability markers in an observational cohort. PLOS One, 14(2), e0212964. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212964
Molenaar, N. M., Tiemeier, H., van Rossum, E. F. C., Hillegers, M. H. J., Bockting, C. L., Hoogendijk, W. J. G., van den Akker, E., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., & El Marroun, H. (2019). Prenatal maternal psychopathology and stress and offspring HPA axis function at 6 years. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 99, 120-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.09.003
Verbeek, T., Quittner, L., de Cock, P., de Groot, N., Bockting, C. L., & Burger, H. (2019). Personality traits predict meeting the WHO recommendation of 6 months' breastfeeding: A prospective general population cohort study. Advances in Neonatal Care, 19(2), 118-126. https://doi.org/10.1097/anc.0000000000000547
Brouwer, M. E., Williams, A. D., van Grinsven, S. E., Cuijpers, P., Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P., Burger, H., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). Offspring outcomes after prenatal interventions for common mental disorders: A meta-analysis. BMC Medicine, 16, 208. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1192-6
Molenaar, N. M., Brouwer, M. E., Duvekot, J. J., Burger, H., Knijff, E. M., Hoogendijk, W. J., Bockting, C. L., de Wolf, G. S., & Lambregtse-van den Berg, M. P. (2018). Antidepressants during pregnancy: Guideline adherence and current practice amongst Dutch gynaecologists and midwives. Midwifery, 61, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2018.02.018
Beijers, C., Burger, H., Verbeek, T., Bockting, C. L.,& Ormel, J. (2014). Continued smoking and continued alcohol consumption during early pregnancy distinctively associated with personality. Addictive Behaviors, 39, 980-986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.01.022
Beijers, C., Ormel, J., Meijer, J. L., Verbeek, T., Bockting, C. L.,& Burger, H. (2014). Stressful events and continued smoking and continued alcohol consumption during mid-pregnancy. PloS ONE, 9,e86359. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0086359
Meijer, J. L., Beijers, C., van Pampus, M. G., Verbeek, T., Stolk, R. P., Milgrom, J., Bockting, C. L.,& Burger, H. (2014). Predictive accuracy of Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale assessment during pregnancy for the risk of developing postpartum depressive symptoms: A prospective cohort study. BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 121, 1604-1610. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12759
Meijer, J. L., Bockting, C. L.,Stolk, R. P., Kotov, R., Ormel, J., & Burger, H. (2014). Associations of life events during pregnancy with longitudinal change in symptoms of antenatal anxiety and depression. Midwifery, 30, 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.06.008
Aris-Meijer, J., Bockting, C. L., StolK, R. P., Kotov, R., Ormel, J., & Berger, H. (2013). Associations of life events during pregnancy with longitudinal change in symptoms of antenatal anxiety and depression. Midwifery, 30(5), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2013.06.008
Nauta, M. H., Festen, H., Reichart, C. G., Nolen, W. A., Stant, A. D., Bockting, C. L.,van der Wee, N. J. A., Beekman, A., Doreleijers, T. A. H., Hartman, C. A., de Jong, P. J., & de Vries, S. O. (2012). Preventing mood and anxiety disorders in youth: A multi-centre RCT in the high risk offspring of depressed and anxious patients. BMC Psychiatry, 12,1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-12-31
Verbeek, T., Bockting, C. L.,van Pampus, M. G., Ormel, J., Meijer, J. L., Hartman, C. A., & Burger, H. (2012). Postpartum depression predicts offspring mental health problems in adolescence independently of parental lifetime psychopathology. Journal of Affective Disorders, 136, 948-954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.08.035
Meijer, J. L., Bockting, C. L.,Beijers, C., Verbeek, T., Stant, A. D., Ormel, J., Stolk, R. P., de Jonge, P., van Pampus, M. G., & Burger, H. (2011). Pregnancy Outcomes after a Maternity Intervention for Stressful EmotionS (PROMISES): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-157
Interventions with no proven effect
In mental health research, knowing what doesn’t work is just as important as knowing what does. Sharing interventions that did not produce measurable effects helps prevent duplication of effort, guides future research, and supports transparency in the field. By openly documenting these findings, we contribute to a more accurate understanding of mental health strategies and encourage the development of more effective, evidence-based interventions.
PROMISES: Transdiagnostic psychotherapy for pregnant women
Burger, H., Verbeek, T., Aris-Meijer, J. L., Beijers, C., Mol, B. W., Hollon, S. D., OrmeL, J., van Pampus, M., & Bockting, C. L. (2020). Effects of psychological treatment of mental health problems in pregnant women to protect their offspring: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 216(4), 182-188. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.260
Meijer, J. L., Bockting, C. L.,Beijers, C., Verbeek, T., Stant, A. D., Ormel, J., Stolk, R. P., de Jonge, P., van Pampus, M. G., & Burger, H. (2011). Pregnancy Outcomes after a Maternity Intervention for Stressful EmotionS (PROMISES): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 12, 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6215-12-157
Screening for depression in high-risk groups
Baas, K. D., Wittkampf, K. A., van Weert, H. C., Lucassen, P., Huyser, J., van den Hoogen, H., van de Lisdonk, E., Bindels, P. E., Bockting, C. L., Ruhé, H. G., & Schene, A. H. (2009). Screening for depression in high-risk groups: Prospective cohort study in general practice. British Journal of Psychiatry, 194, 339-403. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.046052
Depressievrij
Klein, N. S., Kok, G. D., Burger, H., van Valen, E., Riper, H., Cuijpers, P., Dekker, J., Smit, F., van der Heiden, C., & Bockting, C. L. (2018). No sustainable effects of an internet-based relapse prevention program over 24 months in recurrent depression: Primary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 87(1), 55-57. https://doi.org/10.1159/000485039